Hierarchical microstructure PANI@NH4V4O10@CC enables multifunctional pressure sensing and high capacity supercapacitive for self-powered wearable electronics

Self-powered wearable electronic devices have developed rapidly in the wearable field by integrating multi-functional sensing and energy storage functions at the same time. However, the integration of the system and the uniformity of materials still restrict the wide application of devices. In this study, a multifunctional PANI@NH 4 V 4 O 10 @CC composite material with a hierarchical microstructure was successfully synthesized, simultaneously fulfilling the demands for both sensing and energy storage. For energy storage application, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor achieves an areal capacitance of 617 mF cm −2 and a power density of 0.514 W cm −2 . Regarding sensing, due to hierarchical microstructure and, the fabricated sensor exhibits ultra-high sensitivity (6.1×10 4 kPa −1 ) over a wide pressure range (0–200,000 Pa), ultra-fast response/recovery kinetics (90 ms), and minimal performance degradation after 12,000 pressure cycles. Additionally, the composite material demonstrates photoelectric conversion capabilities, displaying a linear response with illumination intensity ranging from 10 to 100 mW cm −2 . By the synergistic integration of pressure sensing and supercapacitor functionalities, high-precision gesture recognition systems (recognition accuracy of 95.45 %) and high-resolution spatial pressure mapping applications are enabled. This approach provides a multifunctional material platform for next-generation self-powered wearable electronics and facilitates progress in the advancement of wearable smart devices.