A 3D Bioprinted PDA/CSCA/PAM Hybrid Hydrogel Patch for Myocardial Infarction Healing

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading global cause of mortality, with cardiac patches (CPs) emerging as a novel surgical treatment. This study used a combined decellularization method with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and DNase to process porcine myocardial tissue (PMT), yielding decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM). Quantitative analysis revealed that the dECM contained collagen, DNA, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at concentrations of 2.63 ± 0.37 µg/mg, 4.27 ± 0.79 ng/mg, and 15.94 ± 0.60 µg/mg. Additionally, a conductive hydrogel patch (PDA/CSCA/PAM) with a uniform porous structure and excellent mechanical properties was developed. Its adhesive strengths on glass, stainless steel, and PMT were 50.71 ± 2.88 kPa, 34.19 ± 3.63 kPa, and 54.71 ± 3.24 kPa, respectively. Bacterial inhibition rates reached 103.26 ± 3.52% (Day 1) and 99.26 ± 5.35% (Day 3), indicating significant antimicrobial efficacy. The patch met myocardial tissue engineering standards for swelling ratio, hydrophilicity (contact angle <90°), hemolysis rate (<5%), and conductivity (10 −4 S cm −1) , with biosafety certified by ISO 10993-5. These results highlight its mechanical compatibility, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility, offering a multifunctional solution for myocardial infarction repair with high clinical translation potential.