Orientation-dependent magnetic anisotropy of BiFeO3 single crystals by the top-seeded solution growth

This study successfully synthesized high-quality BiFeO 3 single crystals using the TSSG technique, overcoming the limitations of conventional flux methods in crystallographic orientation and size control. X-ray diffraction and back-reflection Laue analysis confirmed the orientation of [100]pc, [110]pc, and [111]pc facets. Magnetic characterization revealed: (1) The [110]pc orientation exhibited superior magnetic properties with S-shaped hysteresis loops indicative of glassy ferrimagnetism; (2) Zero-field-cooled and field-cooled curves revealed superparamagnetic blocking temperatures near 50 K and spin-glass-like freezing temperatures at ∼120 K, with T P  > increasing as symmetry decreased. This work provides critical insights for crystallographic engineering of multiferroic materials.