Wearable H2S Sensors with Enhanced Humidity Tolerance: Microcrumpled SnO2 Quantum-Wire Films for Real-Time Room-Temperature Gas Monitoring

The detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in humid environments remains a significant challenge, particularly in wearable gas sensors where humidity, mechanical flexibility, and power consumption are critical constraints. In this study, we introduce a stretchable, humidity-resistant H2S sensor based on microcrumpled SnO2 quantum-wire films, designed for efficient gas detection at room temperature with low-power consumption. The sensor’s architecture enhances gas adsorption by increasing the active surface area while minimizing water accumulation through surface energy modulation. This innovative microwrinkle topology results in rapid (<60 s) detection of H2S with high sensitivity (0.01 to 5 ppm) and excellent selectivity (5.6 times higher than individual interfering gas), even under 80% relative humidity, outperforming current state-of-the-art room temperature sensors. The device exhibits long-term stability with minimal response fluctuations (2.08% relative standard deviation) over 30 days of continuous testing. Furthermore, integrated into a flexible platform, it enables real-time, wireless H2S monitoring during dynamic human motions, as demonstrated in simulated industrial environments. This work provides a robust solution to the environmental challenges that hinder the development of reliable wearable gas sensors.