Achieving high-performance near-infrared Cr3+-activated phosphor via A&C lattice sites cosubstitution strategy in garnet for plant lighting

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has significantly advanced NIR light sources. However, creating NIR emitters with optimal luminescence properties, high thermal stability, and adjustable emission peaks poses a critical challenge for future smart NIR devices. We introduced a chemical unit cosubstitution strategy by incorporating Ca 2+ and Sn 4+ ions into the garnet structure. Through this approach, Y 3− y Ca y Ga 4.95− y Sn y G 12 :0.05Cr 3+ ( y = 0–1) phosphors were developed by modulating the A&C ligands, resulting in emission centers ranging from 708 to 768 nm. The modified local environment of Cr 3+ accounts for the increased light intensity (2.71 times) and broadening observed. Furthermore, this study investigated the impact of varying Cr 3+ concentrations (Y 2.6 Ca 0.4 Ga 4.6− x Sn 0.4 G 12 : x Cr 3+ ) on the production of high-performance phosphors. Compared with Y 3 Ga 4.93 G 12 :0.07Cr 3+ , the optimized phosphor exhibited exceptional external quantum efficiency (EQE = 34.96%). The luminescence enhancement is attributed to an increase in radiative transitions caused by octahedral Jahn-Teller distortion, whereas the notable thermal stability (91.3% at 423 K) is attributed to the presence of weak electron-phonon coupling (EPC) and oxygen vacancy (O V ) defects. Finally, by combining it with a 450 nm blue LED chip, we constructed a near-infrared phosphor-converted LED (NIR pc-LED) device with superior electroluminescence efficiency (18.8% @ 100 mA), increasing the ultralow quenching rate (< 5% intensity loss after 30 days of operation) and demonstrating remarkable performance in plant lighting applications.