Regulating the energy storage properties of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics by adding (Sr0.7Nd0.2)TiO3 at low electric fields

BiFeO 3 -BaTiO 3 exhibits a high dielectric constant , excellent ferroelectric properties, and mechanical stability , making it a promising material for energy storage applications . However, unmodified BiFeO 3 -BaTiO 3 ceramics typically exhibit high residual polarization and low breakdown strength , resulting in low energy storage density and efficiency. In this study, (1- x )(0.67BiFeO 3 -0.33BaTiO 3 )- x (Sr 0.7 Nd 0.2 )TiO 3 ceramics were prepared and demonstrated a pseudo-cubic perovskite structure at room temperature. As the x value increased, the long-range ordered ferroelectric structure was disrupted, the relaxation characteristics were enhanced, and the grain size decreased significantly. The maximum polarization strength (P max ) of the composition with x  = 0.15 reached 38.57 μC/cm 2 at 180 kV/cm. Under low electric fields, this material achieved an excellent recoverable energy storage density (W rec ) of 2.57 J/cm 3 and a high energy storage efficiency (η) of 79 %, while also exhibiting good frequency stability and charge/discharge performance. These characteristics suggest its potential application as a next-generation electrostatic capacitor material.