Enhancing energy conversion efficiency of BaTiO3@P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber-based TENGs for energy harvesting and sensing

The escalating demand for energy harvesting technologies to power small wireless devices has intensified interest in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), yet challenges in energy conversion efficiency and durability persist. In this study, we present a novel core-shell BaTiO 3 @P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber (BT@PVFT NF) structure, developed to enhance the triboelectric performance of TENGs for wearable and portable electronic applications. The BT@PVFT NF were fabricated using coaxial electrospinning , combining the high dielectric constant of BT with the ferroelectric properties of PVFT to maximize surface charge density and energy conversion efficiency. The morphological, structural, and phase characteristics of the BT@PVFT NFs were thoroughly investigated, with significant findings on the enhancement of the β-phase of PVFT through the synergistic effects of the core-shell configuration and electrospinning process . The optimized TENG demonstrated remarkable electrical output, achieving peak output voltage of 450 V and power density of 80 μW cm −2 , alongside exceptional durability over 15,500 cycles. Furthermore, the device successfully powered commercial electronics and exhibited robust mechanical energy harvesting from human motion. This work not only advances the understanding of core-shell structures in energy harvesting but also highlights the potential of the BT@PVFT NFs for self-powered sensing applications, opening new pathways for the development of energy-efficient wearable technologies .