Tunable distribution of Fe nanoparticles Exsolution via acid etching on double perovskite oxide anode for solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising energy conversion technology with high efficiency and environmental compatibility. Applied as anode materials, perovskite oxides govern the electrochemical performance, with an exsolution strategy for enhancing catalytic activity. In this work, Sr 2 Fe 1.5 Mo 0.5 O 6-δ exhibits an A-site deficient surface enriched with Sr and O vacancies via the acid etching method, thereby exposing B-site cations and facilitating the nucleation process during exsolution. The optimized Fe nanoparticles distribution enhances the H 2 adsorption and H 2 O desorption, resulting in a 25 % increase of the peak power density to 1.04 W cm −2 from 0.83 W cm −2 at 800 °C. The ingenious design of surface reconstruction demonstrates significant potential in advancing perovskite-based electrocatalysts for SOFCs.