A novel ruthenium-based biosensor for interference-free continuous glucose monitoring via one-step electropolymerization strategy

Current continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies often require complex manufacturing processes, leading to high supply costs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and cost-effective alternative for continuous glucose monitoring. As a core technology in CGM based on electrochemical technology, redox mediator materials directly affect the safety and reliability of products. However, the selection of redox mediators available for commercially viable CGM systems remains extremely limited, highlighting an urgent need to develop novel redox mediator materials through rational design. Conventional immobilization techniques for glucose oxidase (GOx) and mediators are not compatible with continuous operating conditions, and immobilized mediators may also suffer from leakage, leading to limited stability, which significantly restricts their applications in CGM. Herein, a promising ruthenium-based redox mediator was identified for GOx through molecular docking. The as-prepared redox mediator and GOx were immobilized by one-step electropolymerization of the conductive polymer. The fabricated glucose sensor exhibiting a linear range of 2 - 22 mM and a sensitivity of 17.81 μA mM −1  cm −2 . The glucose sensor can maintain long-term stability for up to 21 days in vitro. The strategy proposed in this study provides a highly attractive tool for commercial CGM and exhibits great potential for practical applications.