Surface-active ionic liquid/SDS-based supramolecular solvent microextraction for separation and enrichment of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs prohibited in health food

The illegal addition of drugs to health foods posed significant risks to consumer safety, prompting an urgent need for reliable monitoring methods. A simple, green, efficient dual-surfactant supramolecular solvent dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (SUPRAS-DLLME-HPLC) method was developed to determine four sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs (glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, gliquidone) in health food. A low-viscosity, high-density supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) was prepared from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by vortex-assisted two-step self-assembly. The incorporation of SDS into [BMIM][TFSI] significantly enhanced the SUPRAS extraction efficiency, and the surface morphology, microstructure, and physicochemical properties of SUPRAS were subsequently characterized. The four analytes showed good linearity (R 2  > 0.9994) in the range of 7.8–2000 μg kg −1 , with limits of detection and limits of quantification of 1.14–2.40 μg kg −1 and 3.82–8.03 μg kg −1 , respectively. The present method provided a practical and green solution for identifying illegal additives in health food.