An all-in-one fiber supercapacitor insensitive to harsh deformations achieved by monolithic crosslinking

Fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) show high potential to integrate into wearable electronic textiles but still suffer from inadequate deformation durability due to physical assembly configuration. Chemical bonding of all-in-one configurations promises new perspectives for mechanically durable FSCs, however, which have been rarely reported so far. In this work, a universal prototype of all-in-one FSCs is proposed based on monolithic crosslinking of homogeneous matrices PVA in electrolyte and wet-spun fiber electrodes. Chemical crosslinking of homogeneous matrices converts separated fiber electrodes and electrolyte into a monolith with seamlessly integrated interface structures and all-in-one configurations, distinctly different from physical assembly and distinct interface structures of conventional FSCs. Compared with conventional FSCs, all-in-one FSCs achieve not only good electrochemical performances including high linear or volumetric capacitance (2.49 mF cm −1 or 1147 mF cm −3 ), volumetric energy density (2.93 mWh cm −3 @ 0.075 mW cm −3 ), and long cyclic life (capacitance retention of 97.9 % after 10000 cycles), but also outstanding deformation durability with high capacitance retention after long-term bending (91.1 %), twisting (91.7 %), knotting (81.2 %), folding (72.8 %) and stretching (72.1 %) deformations, thereby demonstrating reliable applications in powering electronic devices. Those findings should offer a facile and scalable design philosophy to develop mechanically durable all-in-one FSCs toward electronic textile applications.