Short-term accumulation of bisphenol analogues in vegetable soil by irrigating and its influencing factors

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are toxicants that can disrupt the endocrine system. They have been detected in the soil and agricultural products. Bisphenol substitutes (BPs) are distributed throughout the agricultural water system; however, the current status of these BPs entering the soil from irrigation is unclear. In this study, the association of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) in vegetable soils with irrigation water samples was analyzed. Their accumulation, migration, and influencing factors were explored through simulated irrigation and adsorption tests. Significant correlations ( P  < 0.01) were observed, indicating that irrigation water was an important source of BPs in soil. Compared with BPS and BPF, BPA accumulated preferentially in the topsoil (10 cm) and continuously increased with irrigation, resulting in an interception ratio of up to 38.07%. Vertical seepage migration was in the order of BPS > BPF > BPA. Acidic soil (pH = 5), high organic matter content (> 32 mg/g), and micro-agglomerates (< 0.053 mm) promoted the adsorption of these BPs and reduced their migration. Understanding the migration of BPs in soil, particularly in a vertical direction, will assist in controlling their migration. It will also help reduce their accumulation, thereby lowering ecological risks.