Preparation of HMX/TiH2/F high-energy composite microspheres with high safety and energy performance

To achieve a synergistic enhancement of both energy output and safety performance in metal powder-based high-energy materials, this study employed coaxial focusing droplet technology to fabricate HMX/TiH 2 /F composite microspheres. The influence of dispersed phase concentration on microsphere morphology and particle size was systematically investigated. HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F microspheres, prepared using the same method, served as control groups for analyzing crystal structure and functional group composition. Results indicated that all three types of microspheres retained their original chemical structures. Performance tests revealed that HMX/TiH 2 /F microspheres achieved a favorable balance between thermal stability and reactivity, with thermal safety significantly improved compared to the control samples. Specifically, its impact sensitivity increased by 8 J and 13 J compared to HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F, respectively; friction sensitivity increased by 164 N and 228 N; and electrostatic accumulation was reduced by 1.46 and 16.40 nC, respectively, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrostatic safety. Combustion and detonation tests further demonstrated that HMX/TiH 2 /F microspheres exhibited the most intense combustion flame. The ignition delay time was reduced by 67.48 ms and 26.20 ms compared to HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F, respectively, and the combustion duration was shortened by 0.51 s and 0.42 s. Meanwhile, HMX/TiH 2 /F composite microspheres still maintained a high energy output, and the measured detonation velocity was 7685.7 m/s, which was 149.99 m/s higher than that of HMX/Ti/F. These findings indicate that the incorporation of TiH 2 facilitates the coordinated optimization of high-energy materials with respect to both safety and energetic performance, demonstrating promising application potential.