Integrated Wearable Sweat Sensor Patch With Temperature Correction for Real-Time Monitoring of Human Hydration Status

The dynamic monitoring of human hydration status is essential for ensuring health and safety during work or training in high-temperature environments. Hydration status is closely associated with electrolyte concentrations in sweat, particularly sodium and potassium. Wearable sweat sensors based on potentiometric methods offer unique advantages such as low power consumption, continuous monitoring, and noninvasive operation, making them promising tools for electrolyte analysis. However, existing devices are limited by insufficient hardware–software integration for sweat collection and continuous analysis, as well as significant accuracy loss in potentiometric measurements caused by fluctuations in skin and sweat temperature. In this study, a fully integrated wearable sweat patch was developed, incorporating a microfluidic sweat collection unit, a flexible multifunctional sensor array (Na+, K+, and temperature sensors), and flexible electronic circuits. Experimental results demonstrated that the sensor array exhibited reliable linear response, repeatability, anti-interference capability, and mechanical strain tolerance. Moreover, the proposed temperature correction strategy was validated in correction solutions and on-body tests, consistently achieving superior compensation performance within the 20 °C–40 °C range. The developed wearable sweat patch with integrated temperature correction enabled high-precision, real-time monitoring of hydration status. Owing to its robust performance and multifunctional design, this device shows great potential for applications in sports performance evaluation, health monitoring, personalized management, and physiological protection under extreme environments.