Expression and biological activity of lytic proteins HolST-3 and LysST-3 of Salmonella phage ST-3

Salmonella infection is a major public health concern. Several strategies for Salmonella infection prevention and control are currently available including vaccines and antibiotics. However, vaccines are expensive and inefficient, and the use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative strategies for the treatment of Salmonella remain warrant. In this study, recombinant holin HolST-3 and lysin LysST-3 from Salmonella phage ST-3 were expressed and purified, and their bactericidal properties were analyzed. HolST-3 and LysST-3 possessed a wider lysis spectrum and more efficient bactericidal effect than phage ST-3, and a synergistic bactericidal effect was observed when combined in vitro . In addition, we explored the bactericidal properties of HolST-3 and LysST-3 in vivo using zebrafish as a model organism, and found that the bactericidal effects of both HolST-3 and LysST-3 in vivo were comparable to those of cefotaxime , an antibiotic. This study provides a basis for the development of HolST-3 and LysST-3 as novel bactericidal agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by Salmonella spp.