Preparation, characterization and in vitro cell performance of anti-washout calcium phosphate cement modified by sodium polyacrylate

The anti-washout ability of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is essential for its application in massive hemorrhage regions. However, the undesirable anti-washout property of CPC inhibits its broader application. This study reports the effectiveness of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) in the enhancement of anti-washout ability of CPC. The washout resistance, injectability, rheological property, setting time, compressive strength, phase, microstructure, and in vitro cell behaviors of the modified CPC were evaluated. The results showed that PAAS significantly enhanced the anti-washout property and injectability of the cement paste. Meanwhile, PAAS hardly affected the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp), setting time, and microstructure. A low content of PAAS slightly reduced the compressive strength of CPC, but the compressive strength of CPC gradually increased with increasing PAAS content. The in vitro cell assessments demonstrated that all the samples were biocompatible and mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) well adhered, spread, and proliferated on the samples. This anti-washout CPC modified by PAAS has potential application prospects in orthopedic surgery.