Biomimetic modification on the microporous surface of cardiovascular materials to accelerate endothelialization and regulate intimal regeneration

Vascular stents are widely used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease, but the long-term safety still needs to be improved. Surface biological functional modification is an effective way to improve the biocompatibility and clinical performance of cardiovascular materials, but how to achieve long-term effective and precise regulation of in situ vascular intimal repair through the reasonable construction of the surface physical and chemical structure is still an important task in the current surface modification research. In this study, ECM-derived components, including laminin, heparin, and SDF-1, were incorporated into the titanium surface with a microporous structure. It was found that the modified surface could effectively control the continuous release of biomolecules. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation results showed that the constructed functional layer could effectively inhibit the activation of platelet adhesion and excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells. In addition, the modified surface also showed the potential to induce rapid regeneration of vascular endothelium. In vivo animal tests further proved that the modified sample may contribute to inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia. This study provided a new approach for the surface biological function modification of Ti-based vascular stents.