Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li1+xTi2−xFex(PO4)3/C anode for aqueous lithium ion battery

Aqueous lithium ion batteries (ALIBs) exhibit great application prospects in energy storage system, and the anode materials is the key to the extensive development of ALIBs. In this study, Li 1+x Ti 2−x Fe x (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30) composites as anode for ALIBs were synthesized via sol-gel method. The effect of Fe doping on LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C properties was assessed by electrochemical measurements. In all of these composites, Li 1.1 Ti 1.9 Fe 0.1 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (LCF-10) presents the best electrochemical properties. LCF-10 exhibits discharge capacity with 120.0 and 80.2 mAh g −1 at 0.5 and 15C, severally, increasing by 1.2 and 1.3 times compared with the original LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C. Besides, LCF-10 demonstrates remarkable cycling performance, whose discharge capacity retention can keep 70.2% at 5 C for 1000 cycles. Our study demonstrates that Fe doping for LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 lattice can efficiently enhance electrochemical properties of LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composite.