Emerald-based polyaniline-modified polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats based solid-phase extraction for efficient and simple detection of Sudan dyes in poultry feed

Emerald-based polyaniline-modified polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats (emerald-based PANI-PAN NFMs) were prepared and their performance as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for extracting four Sudan dyes (Sudan I–IV) from poultry feed was evaluated. After solvent extraction, the poultry feed samples extraction solution was directly used for SPE by diluted with ultra-high purity water without any other treatment. No washing step was needed before elution, and the eluent was directly detected by the high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) without conventional concentration and filtration. The results showed that emerald-based PANI-PAN NFMs could effectively adsorb Sudan dyes through π-π conjugation and hydrogen bond . The amount of adsorbent and eluent required for the entire SPE process was only 10 mg and 600 µL, respectively. Furthermore, the emerald-based PANI-PAN NFMs were easy to regenerate, and no performance degradation was found after at least 6 times reuses. The detection limits of Sudan I–IV were 6–15 μg·kg −1 and the recoveries were 88.48 % –101.88 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15 %, indicating the method has good sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method has simpler processes with practical application potential.