Pipette-tip solid-phase extraction by use of a sol–gel hybrid adsorbent: a new pretreatment strategy for rapid screening of cucumbers for cyanazine and atrazine

A pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT–SPE) method using a sol–gel hybrid adsorbent has been developed. The method could be used for rapid screening of vegetable matrices for cyanazine and atrazine; assay of cucumbers is reported as an example. The sol–gel hybrid adsorbent was synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) as both surface modifying agent and monomer for the polymerization. Under the optimized conditions, good calibration linearity was obtained in the range 0.022–1.65 μg g −1 with correlation coefficients ( r ) ≥0.9996. Recovery at three spike levels ranged from 87.6 to 93.8 % with relative standard deviations ≤7.8 %. This extraction strategy has several advantages, for example ease of assembly, low cost, and high extraction efficiency, and is a potential pretreatment strategy for rapid screening of cyanazine and atrazine in vegetables. PT–SPE procedure and chromatograms obtained from cucumber