Electrochemical clenbuterol immunosensor based on a gold electrode modified with zinc sulfide quantum dots and polyaniline

A nanocomposite consisting of zinc sulfide quantum dots and polyaniline (ZnSQD@PANI) was placed on a gold electrode along with antibody against clenbuterol to give an amperometric immunosensor for clenbuterol. Compared to the use of pristine PANI, the electrode modified with the ZnSQD@PANI nanocomposite adsorbs clenbuterol antibody much better and therefore exhibits higher sensitivity to clenbuterol. The biosensor, when operated at a working potential of 0.21 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), displays a detection limit as low as 5.5 pg⋅mL −1 and works over the 0.01 to 10 ng⋅mL −1 concentration range. Related species such as salbutamol and ractopamine, urine components such as urea and uric acid, and the ions Ca(II), Na(I), and K(I) do not interfere. A nanocomposite of zinc sulfide quantum dots and polyaniline was synthesized and utilized as the electrode material for detecting clenbuterol hydrochloride (CH). Sensing includes immunoglobulin G anchoring, adsorption of clenbuterol antibody, and detection of clenbuterol.