Solution-derived poly(ethylene glycol)-TiO x nanocomposite film as a universal cathode buffer layer for enhancing efficiency and stability of polymer solar cells

Highly efficient and stable polymer solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated by adopting solution-derived hybrid poly(ethylene glycol)-titanium oxide (PEG-TiO x ) nanocomposite films as a novel and universal cathode buffer layer (CBL), which can greatly improve device performance by reducing interface energy barriers and enhancing charge extraction/collection. The performance of inverted PSCs with varied bulk-heterojunctions (BHJs) based on this hybrid nanocomposite CBL was found to be much better than those of control devices with a pure TiO x CBL or without a CBL. An excellent power conversion efficiency up to 9.05% under AM 1.5G irradiation (100 mW·cm −2 ) was demonstrated, which represents a record high value for inverted PSCs with TiO x -based interface materials.