Investigating thermodynamic properties of LiCl in amide–water mixtures with ɛ-increasing and ɛ-decreasing solvent at 298.15 K

This article deals with the mean activity coefficients of LiCl in amide–water mixtures with both ɛ -increasing co-solvent (urea–water, N -methylformamide–water), and ɛ -decreasing co-solvent ( N , N -dimethylformamide–water, N , N -dimethylacetamide–water) systems at 298.15   K by potentiometric method. Meanwhile, thermodynamic properties including the osmotic coefficients, the excess Gibbs free energy, the standard solubility product, the primary LiCl hydration number and the standard free energy of transference from water to the mixtures were also calculated. The nonideal behavior of these systems has been discussed in terms of the Pitzer, the Modified Pitzer and the extended Debye–Hückel equations parameters.