Response surface optimization and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Nelumbo nucifera leaves

Dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM)-assisted extraction (DHPMAE) of lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) leaves polysaccharides (LLPs) was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were: liquid/solid ratio of 35:1 (v/m, mL/g), processing pressure of 180   MPa, processed two times, extraction temperature of 76   °C, extraction time of 50   min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, DHPMAE produced a higher polysaccharides yield (6.31%) than leaching (2.95%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that DHPM could reduce the particles size and make the surface more unconsolidated. The LLPs prepared by both methods showed similar FT-IR spectrum, and were consisted of the same monosaccharides , including rhamnose , fucose , arabinose , xylose , mannose , glucose and galactose . The content of each monosaccharide in extracts, however, was quite different. The average molecular weight of LLPs prepared by DHPMAE is 550   kDa, smaller than 578   kDa obtained by leaching. The LLPs prepared by DHPMAE exhibited stronger DPPH scavenging ability (IC 50 value of 0.38   mg/mL), HO scavenging ability (IC 50 value of 0.61   mg/mL) and reducing power. Therefore, DHPMAE can be a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques for polysaccharides from plants, and lotus leaves might be a potential resource of natural antioxidants.