Surface modification of Li2ZnTi3O8 with the C&N layer for lithium-ion batteries

The C&N coated Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 is synthesized by heat-treating pristine Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 and urea (CO(NH 2 ) 2 ) at 400 °C for a short time. The content of the C&N layer of the C&N coated Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 is ~3.5 wt% and the N content of 2.06 wt% is achieved. After coupling with a C&N layer, the C&N coated Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 delivers a discharge specific capacity of 230.1, 211.9, 197.4, 190.6 and 180.4 mAh g −1 after 10 cycles at the current density of 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 A g −1 , respectively, and exhibits a remarkable stability over 400 cycles at 1.5 A g −1 . The effect of the formed C&N layer on the structure and electrochemical properties of the C&N coated Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 has been characterized by a series of means.