High-performance supercapacitors based on Ni2P@CNT nanocomposites prepared using an ultrafast microwave approach

We present a one-step route for the preparation of nickel phosphide/carbon nanotube (Ni 2 P@CNT) nano-composites for supercapacitor applications using a facile, ultrafast (90 s) microwave-based approach. Ni 2 P nanoparticles could grow uniformly on the surface of CNTs under the optimized reaction conditions, namely, a feeding ratio of 30:50:25 for CNT, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O, and red phosphorus and a microwave power of 1000 W for 90 s. Our study demonstrated that the single-step microwave synthesis process for creating metal phosphide nanoparticles was faster and simpler than all the other existing methods. Electrochemical results showed that the specific capacitance of the optimal Ni 2 P@CNT-nanocomposite electrode displayed a high specific capacitance of 854 F · g −1 at 1 A · g −1 and a superior capacitance retention of 84% after 5000 cycles at 10 A·g −1 . Finally, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using the nanocomposite with activated carbon as one electrode (Ni 2 P@CNT//AC), which showed a remarkable energy density of 33.5 W · h · kg −1 and a power density of 387.5 W·kg −1 . This work will pave the way for the microwave synthesis of other transition metal phosphide materials for use in energy storage systems.