Study of low-fire processing, phase constitution, and dielectric properties for LBS glass-doped NLNT ceramics

The purpose of this study was to synthesize a low-firing ceramic, namely Li 2 O–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (LBS) glass-doped 0.35Na 0.5 Nd 0.5 TiO 3 –0.65Li 0.5 Nd 0.5 TiO 3 (NLNT), with desired properties including a high dielectric constant ( ɛ r ), high quality factor ( Q  ×  f ), and near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ). The NLNT ceramic was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method, and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single perovskite phase in all NLNT +  x wt% LBS ( x  = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5) ceramic samples. The LBS glass demonstrated excellent wetting behavior on the NLNT ceramic, ensuring effective densification at low sintering temperatures. The grain size, bulk density, densification temperature, and microwave dielectric properties were influenced by the doping level of LBS glass. Ultimately, NLNT + 4 wt% LBS glass sample, sintered at 950 °C, exhibited favorable microwave dielectric properties: ɛ r = 110.9, Q  ×  f  = 2,065 GHz, and τ f  = + 4.6 ppm/°C.