Preparation of a bioflocculant by using acetonitrile as sole nitrogen source and its application in heavy metals removal

A novel bioflocculant, A-GS408, produced by Klebsiella oxytoca GS-4-08 cultured in acetonitrile (ACN) as sole nitrogen source was investigated in this study. A complete degradation of 1 g l −1 of ACN was achieved in 350 h, and 4.6 g of crude A-GS408 can be obtained in one litter of synthetic medium. The as-prepared bioflocculant exhibits good flocculation efficiency (over 90%) toward Kaolin solution with the aid of Fe 3+ . Chemical analysis showed that the bioflocculant was mainly composed of polysaccharides (46.3%) and proteins (20.6%). FTIR and XPS results indicated the abundant carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl groups in A-GS408 s, which play an important role on Pd 2+ and Cu 2+ adsorption. The adsorption of heavy metals can be well stimulated by Freundlich isotherm equation, and the K f was up to 439.2 mg 1-1/n l 1/n  g −1 and 112.2 mg 1-1/n l 1/n  g −1 for Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ , respectively. The kinetic fitting results proved that the adsorption of heavy metals by A-GS408 was chemisorption. This study may provide a new method for preparation of bioflocculant, which can not only degrade toxic compound i . e ., acetonitrile, but also can reuse considerable nitrogen source from nitrile-containing wastewater.