Self-supported TiO2@P nanotube arrays as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received widespread attention because of their scalability, low cost, and environmental advantages. Whereas, the low capacity and disappointing cycle capability of anode materials are unavoidable challenges, and high-capacity electrodes are accompanied by large volume expansion and cycle decay. Herein, self-supported TiO 2 nanotube array nanocomposites are rationally designed by combining the stability of TiO 2 and the high capacity of P . The unique nanotube structure can effectively limit the expansion of phosphorus so that this anode has excellent reversibility and cycling. It affords a reversible capacity of 0.214 mAh cm − 2 at 0.08 mA cm − 2 , a rate capability of 0.146 mAh cm − 2 at 1.6 mA cm − 2 , and a stable cycling up to 5000 cycles.