High quality crystal growth and characterization of ferroelectric Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 single crystal

B 0 . 7 7 Ca 0 . 2 3 TiO 3 (BCT) single crystal has been widely studied as a promising lead-free ferroelectric material. In this work, high-quality BCT crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The as-grown crystal is crack-free and shows black coloration. It possesses a high dielectric stability over a wide temperature range, while the dielectric loss is rather small below 90 ∘ C. Furthermore, it possesses excellent ferroelectric properties with residual polarization strength ( P r ) and coercive field ( E c ) of 17.93 μ C/cm 2 and 8.47 kV/cm, respectively. Besides, BCT crystal shows large electromechanical coupling factors, with k t , k 3 1 , k 3 3 and k 1 5 of 0.535, 0.254, 0.714 and 0.721, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficients d 3 1 , d 3 3 and d 1 5 are measured to be − 36.5, 130 and 246 pC/N, respectively.