High-density and low-sensitivity energetic materials based on conjugated fused rings

This study effectively synthesized N , N '-(diazene-1,2-diylbis(5-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ][1,3,5]triazine-2,7-diyl)) dinitramide ( 3 ) by using 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole as a starting material combining hydrogen bonds (HBs) and strong π-π stacking interaction between layers. Moreover, two fused rings were linked by an azo group to expand the conjugated compound, resulting in a shorter interlayer distance. The new compound and its energetic salts ( 4 – 6 ) were fully characterized through elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The heats of formation and detonation properties of these compounds were calculated using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5, respectively. The calculated results show that compounds 3 – 6 have both low impact and friction sensitivities (IS ​> ​40 ​J; FS ​> ​360 ​N) and favorable densities and detonation properties ( ρ : 1.81–1.96 ​g·cm −3 ; v D : 7965–8248 ​m·s −1 ; p: 24.9–31.4 ​GPa). Therefore, they are promising candidates for high-energy and insensitive explosives.