Synthesis of Hinokitiol Sulfonate Derivatives and Their Anti-Oomycete and Nematicidal Activities

In order to explore novel natural product-based anti-oomycete and nematicidal agents, sixteen unreported 2-sulfonyloxyhinokitiol derivatives were prepared using the principle of active splicing, and structurally confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and melting point. Moreover, we evaluated the title compounds as anti-oomycete and nematicidal agents against two serious agricultural pests of Phytophthora capsici and Meloidogyne incongnita . Among the sixteen hinokitiol esters tested: (1) Compounds 3a and 3m exhibited the most potent anti-oomycete activity compared to zoxamide against P. capsici , and the median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 3a , 3m , and zoxamide were 18.64, 21.11, and 23.15 mg/L, respectively; Further studies showed that the existence of seven membered ring and carbonyl group was the necessary condition for the high anti-oomycete activity of hinokitiol. (2) Compounds 3n and 3p exhibited more promising nematicidal activity than hinokitiol, and the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values of 3n , 3p and 1 against M. incongnita were 0.2111, 0.2079, and 0.3933 mg/L, respectively. This result will pave the way for further modification of hinokitiol to develop potential new fungicides and nematicides. Graphical