A portable wireless intelligent electrochemical sensor based on layer-by-layer sandwiched nanohybrid for terbutaline in meat products

The aim of this study is to develop a portable wireless intelligent nanosensor (PWIN) for rapid cost-effective on-site determination of terbutaline (TRA) residue in meat products outdoors in comparison with traditional nanosensor and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The layer-by-layer sandwiched nanohybrid fabricated by platinum-palladium nanoparticles, carboxylated graphene and graphene-like molybdenum disulfide displayed a wide linear range of 0.55–14.9 μmol/L using the portable potentiostat with smartphone, and the result was almost close to the linear range (0.4–14 μmol/L) using the traditional potentiostat with desktop computer for TRA. The limit of detections were identified as 0.44 μmol/L and 0.18 μmol/L, respectively. PWIN displayed satisfactory recovery (91%−98.43%) of TRA in samples by the standard addition method and in comparison with both traditional sensor (93.79%−98%) and HPLC (93.4%–98.6%), revealing that PWIN for rapid cost-effective on-site analysis in the food safety field is feasible.