Fabrication and characterization of direct-written 3D TiO2 woodpile electromagnetic bandgap structures

Three groups of three-dimensional (3D) TiO2 woodpile electromagnetic gap materials with tailed rheological properties were developed for direct-written fabrication. Appropriate amount of polyethyleneimine (PEI) dispersants allow the preparation of TiO2 inks with a high solid content of 42 vol.%, which enables them to flow through the nozzles easily. The inks exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. The measured microwave characteristics of the results agree well with simulations based on plane wave expansion (PWE).