Commercial Carbon Molecular Sieves as a Na+-Storage Anode Material in Dual-Ion Batteries

The commercial carbon molecular sieve (CMS) displays outstanding performance with high reversible capacity at a low potential, superior cyclic stability, and fast diffusion of Na+ cations, which indicate that CMS anode can couple with graphite cathode well in sodium-based dual-ion batteries (NDIBs). NDIBs with pre-sodiated CMS anode and graphite cathode exhibit exceptional properties, such as high voltage, long cycle life, and impressive energy and power densities. Furthermore, we optimize the working conditions of NDIBs and clarify the influences of cutoff voltage and the graphite/CMS mass ratio.