SnO2–ZrO2 nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanotubes as a large capacity, high rate and long lifetime anode for lithium-ion batteries

SnO 2 –ZrO 2 composite nanoparticles were embedded in the few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) network to synthesise a ternary SnO 2 –ZrO 2 -CNT nanocomposite by the hydrothermal and ball milling methods. The SnO 2 –ZrO 2 composite was uniformly dispersed in the CNT matrix. The CNTs in the composite alleviated the volume expansion during cycling, improved conductivity, and shortened the transmission path of electrons and Li + . Therefore, the SnO 2 –ZrO 2 -CNT composite showed high reversible capacity of 1072.2 mAhg −1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 Ag -1 with high initial coulomb efficiency of 77.9% and >98.8% in the following cycles, high-rate capacity of 653.6 mAhg −1 at 5.0 Ag -1 , and long-term capacity of 610.7 mAhg −1 at 5.0 Ag -1 after 1000 cycles. Because of its outstanding properties, the SnO 2 –ZrO 2 -CNT nanocomposite is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.