Comparative study on the distinct activity for NiFe-based phosphide and sulfide pre-electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and sulfides (TMSs) are widely-reported electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. However, the origin of their high HER catalytic activity remains unclear. Herein, the transition of Ni x Fe 1-x P and Ni x Fe 1-x S in catalyzing HER reaction is systematically investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in-situ Raman technique. It was found that, during HER reaction, dissolution of S and P occurs and is accompanied with dynamic evolution of the catalyst surface. The dissolution of P in Ni x Fe 1-x P leads to in-situ generation of α-FeOOH species, whereas Ni x Fe 1-x S is found partially transformed into γ-FeOOH phase. Density functional calculations reveal that the α-FeOOH (1   1   1) surface exhibits more delocalized electrons offering promoted HER reaction kinetics over γ-FeOOH (0   1   0), and thus contributes the improved activity of Ni x Fe 1-x P pre-catalyst. This study unveils the distinct origin of HER activity of TMPs and TMSs, providing potential guidance for the rational design of active HER electrocatalysts.