Yeast-based solutions in controlling plant pathogens

Yeast species found in the phyllosphere and rhizospheric soil of plants are acknowledged as proficient biocontrol agents against the soilborne and airborne fungal plant pathogens . The unicellular yeasts are particularly valuable due to their ease of cultivation and effectiveness as biocontrol agents against various yeast genera. This review article thoroughly described the fundamental exploration of yeast biocontrol mechanisms, including myco-parasitism, volatile metabolites, killer toxin production, toxic enzyme secretion, induction resistance in the host plant, and competition for resources on plant surfaces and in the soil. Antagonistic yeasts are highlighted for their productions of killer toxins, that disrupt vulnerable segments of the targeted pathogen, such as cell wall degradation, plasma membrane disruption, tRNA linkage breakage, and DNA mutation. The use of beneficial microbe-based products those derived from yeast is a multifaceted strategy to controlling post-harvest fungal pathogens and enhancing plant health. Commercially available yeast-based products, namely Boni-protect® (Aureobasidium pullulans), Nexy® (Candida oleophilic), Candifruit® (Candida sake), Shemer® (Metschnikowia fructicola), Pantovital® (Pantoea agglomerans), and Romeo® ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )." For example: “Boni-protect® (Aureobasidium pullulans), Nexy® (Candida oleophilic), Candifruit® (Candida sake), Shemer® (Metschnikowia fructicola), Pantovital® (Pantoea agglomerans), and Romeo® ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) are discussed for their efficacy against postharvest fungal pathogens. This review article enhances the understanding of biocontrol mechanism and formulation strategies for yeast based commercial products, supporting future research efforts in fungal pathogen managements.