Magnetic mesoporous polyimide composite for efficient extraction of Rhodamine B in food samples

A core-shell structured magnetic polyimide composite has been synthesized by the covalent coating of a mesoporous polyimide polymer onto the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results showed that the prepared composite had a large surface area (306.45 m²/g), a unique pore size (2.15 nm), and strong magnetic properties (45.7 emμ/g), rendering it a promising sorbent material for magnetic solid-phase extraction. The parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of rhodamine B were optimized with the assistance of response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions, the developed method has been successfully applied to determine the rhodamine B in food samples. The linearities and limits of detection of rhodamine B in hot pepper, red wine, and chili powder samples were measured. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 94.8–103.3% with relative standard deviations <5.5% were obtained. Investigation of the adsorption mechanism of magnetic polyimide composite indicated that multiple interactions, including hydrophobic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions, were involved in the adsorption process.