Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2–graphene modified glassy carbon electrode

The TiO 2 –graphene (TiO 2 –GR) nanocomposite for paracetamol electrochemical sensing is described. The electrochemical behavior of paracetamol at the Nafion/TiO 2 –GR composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles with graphene significantly enhanced the electrochemical reactivity and voltammetric response of paracetamol. In addition, Nafion acts as an effective solubilizing agent and antifouling coating in the fabrication of the modified electrode. This electrochemical sensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for paracetamol detection at physiological pH with detection limit of 2.1   ×   10 −7   M, linear range of 1–100   μM and reproducibility of 3.6% relative standard deviation.