Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by labeling-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an Fe3O4–ionic liquid-modified electrode

Electrochemical sensors show distinct advantages over other types of sensors in the rapid detection of microorganisms. Here, we attempted to construct a label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an Fe 3 O 4 –ionic liquid (IL)-modified electrode to rapidly detect Salmonella in milk. The excellent ionic conductivity of the IL facilitated sensor construction, and the large surface area of nano-Fe 3 O 4 provided numerous sites for subsequent experiments. An antibody was fixed on the Fe 3 O 4 –IL complex with polyglutamic acid modification by a simple infusion method. The microstructure of the Fe 3 O 4 –IL composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the elements and structures of the composites were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection range of the constructed sensor was 3.65 × 10 2 –3.65 × 10 8  CFU mL −1 , and the LOD was 1.12 × 10 2  CFU mL −1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the prepared electrochemical immunosensor is convenient for detecting foodborne pathogens because of its outstanding stability, good selectivity, and repeatability.