High-entropy processed high quality and low-temperature cofired LiMgPO4-based dielectric ceramics for low-loss packaged millimeter-wave filters

In this work, we successfully integrated the high-entropy concept into LiMgPO 4 -based ceramics by strategically substituting Mg 2+ with various divalent ions. Through a low-temperature solid-phase reaction method, a series of high-entropy LiMg 0.9 R 0.1 PO 4 (R = Ni, NiCo, NiCoZn, NiCoZnCu, NiCoZnCuMn) ceramics were prepared successfully, and their MW dielectric properties were found to be heavily influenced by the ionic character, lattice energy, bond energy, entropy, ion radius disorder, and electronegativity of chemical bonds. Remarkably, LiMg 0.9 (Ni 0.2 Co 0.2 Zn 0.2 Cu 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) 0.1 PO 4 (LM5RP) ceramics exhibited exceptional MW dielectric properties ( ε r = 7.43, τ f = − 27.6 ppm/°C, and Q × f = 83,216 GHz@13 GHz and 105,889 GHz@28 GHz) when sintered at an extraordinarily low temperature of 900 °C for 2 h. To demonstrate the real-world applicability of the LM5RP high-entropy ceramic, we designed and fabricated a state-of-the-art millimeter-wave (mmWave) filter, operating at 28 GHz, using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packaging technology. The filter exhibited unparalleled performance, featuring a low insertion loss (0.9 dB) and wide stopband suppression (> 17 dB @ 2.14 f 0 ). These groundbreaking findings underscore the immense potential of high-entropy ceramics in revolutionizing advanced MW applications, particularly in the domain of B5G/6 G mmWave communication systems.