Decoration of chemically reduced graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrode with yttrium hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles for nanomolar detection of rutin

Through a simple, rapid and green method, a small size of yttrium hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (YHCFNPs) was synthesized firstly. As the novel sensing materials, a sensor of YHCFNPs/chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICPES) and electrochemistry were performed to characterize the modified electrode. SEM images showed that the average diameter of the prepared YHCFNPs was about 40   nm. The electrochemical behavior of the YHCFNPs/CRGO/CPE in response to rutin was studied. The response current of rutin at the YHCFNPs/CRGO/CPE was obviously higher than that at the other modified CPE. Under the optimal conditions, YHCFNPs/CRGO/CPE exhibited a broader detection range from 2.0 to 4000   nmol/L with a nanomolar detection limit of 0.82   nmol/L ( S / N   =   3). This novel method was successfully used to determine rutin in pharmaceutical tablets.