Synthesis of hard magnetic NdFeB composite particles by recycling the waste using microwave assisted auto-combustion and reduction method

The present work provides a facile and energy-saving approach to recycle Nd-Fe-B wastes. Employing the severely oxidized and contaminated sintered Nd-Fe-B scraps as the raw materials, sub-micro sized Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe composite magnetic powders were successfully synthesized by microwave assisted auto-combustion method followed by a reduction diffusion process. In details, the waste magnets were dissolved in HNO 3 solution and both the rare earth oxides and iron oxide were obtained by auto-combustion approach with the help of microwave heating. These oxides were then reduced to achieve Nd-Fe-B alloys with the reducing agent CaH 2 . To modify the composition of the final product, Nd(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O and H 3 BO 3 were added during dissolving and consequently three compositions of the final products were obtained. TEM results demonstrate that the sizes of α-Fe and Nd 2 Fe 14 B grains are below 10 nm and 20 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of the composite powders obtained from the wastes in this study are comparable to those obtained by other methods using pure reagents. The room temperature coercivity of as-synthesized Nd 15 Fe 77 B 8 is higher than 400 kA/m. In addition, an appropriate mass ratio of CaH 2 to Nd-Fe-B oxides is required in order to obtain good magnetic properties.