Electrochemical sensor for Isoniazid based on the glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide–Au nanomaterials

A sensitive electrochemical sensor has been fabricated to detect Isoniazid (INZ) using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and Au nanocomposites (RGO–Au). RGO–Au nanocomposites were synthesized by a solution-based approach of chemical co-reduction of Au(III) and graphene oxide (GO), and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The Au nanoparticles separate the RGO sheets in the precipitate and prevent RGO sheets from aggregation upon π–π stacking interactions. RGO–Au nanocomposites were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical properties of RGO–Au/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the RGO–Au/GCE exhibited remarkably strong electrocatalytic activities towards INZ. Under the optimized conditions, there was linear relationships between the peak currents and the concentrations in the range of 1.0   ×   10 −   7   M to 1.0   ×   10 −   3   M for INZ, with the limit of detection (LOD) (based on S/N   =   3) of 1.0   ×   10 −   8   M for INZ.