To achieve fast ion transport of engineered electrolyte and ultra-high rate of defected Nb16W5O55-based anode

The maximum output power and minimum charge time of a lithium-ion battery depend on ion transport and electron transport . The electron conduction/ion diffusion within the electrochemically active materials and the ion mobility of the electrolyte usually represent the fundamental limits of the battery charge and discharge rates. Nb 16 W 5 O 55 is notable for its exceptional lithium-ion mobility and high electronic conductivity , making it a popular choice for fast-charging anode materials . However, the lithium-ion diffusion capability of the electrolyte is also crucial in determining the overall fast-charging performance of the battery. This can be a limiting factor for Nb 16 W 5 O 55 -based batteries. This work delves into the impact of electrolyte composition on fast-charging performance by examining the electrochemical properties of electrolytes with varying concentrations, in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulation . Specifically, increasing the concentration of LiTFSI salt alters the solvation structure of lithium ions due to the increasing coordination numbers of TFSI − and Li + , which hampers lithium-ion diffusion. Additionally, low-concentration electrolytes struggle with rapid mass transfer due to fewer lithium-ion carriers, limiting ultra-high-rate performance. To address these challenges, the solvation structure of the electrolyte was optimized, leading to enhanced fast-charging and discharging performance.