LiTi2(PO4)3@carbon/graphene hybrid as superior anode materials for aqueous lithium ion batteries

In this paper, LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @carbon/graphene (LCG) hybrid was prepared and investigated as anode for aqueous lithium ion batteries (ALIBs). The as-prepared hybrid was characterized by XRD , SEM, TEM and TGA . The electrochemical performances of nano-structured materials as anode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge-discharge tests. The cell using LCG as anode exhibits excellent cycling performance both at relatively low and high rates. The capacity retention of LCG can remain 87.6% at 0.2   C after 200 cycles and 77.2% at 5   C after 1000 cycles compared with LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @carbon (0.2   C: 71.8%, 5   C: 58.1%). Moreover, LCG reveals superior rate capability with 80.8   mA   h   g −1 , 62.1   mA   h   g −1 at 10   C and 20   C, respectively. The outstanding electrochemical performance of LCG comes from the improved electrical conductivity and the forming of efficient conductive network. The results demonstrate that the graphene-modified LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @carbon is a promising anode for ALIBs.