Stabilizing the nanostructure of Pre-lithiated LiF nanoparticles modified SnO2@graphite nanosheets as a high performance anode material for lithium ions batteries

Graphite nanosheets coated by LiF/SnO 2 composites are designed to obtain a lithium ion anode material with excellent performance. LiF nanoparticles play a significant role in improving the electrochemical performance by inhibiting electrolyte decomposition and providing excess Li sources during cycling. The obtained LiF@SnO 2 @C electrode shows an outstanding capacity of 951.9 mAhg −1 at 0.2 Ag -1 after 370 cycles and excellent long cycling performance of 650.0 mAhg −1 at 1.0 Ag -1 after 930 cycles. First-principles calculations demonstrate that F-doped SnO 2 (−2211.8 eV) has a lower free energy compared to SnO 2 (−1937.4 eV), resulting in a robust composite architecture that gives rise to high cycling stability.