A Sandwich PVDF/HEC/PVDF Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Battery

A sandwich structure-like PVDF/HEC/PVDF polymer membrane is reported as host for matrix of gel polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. The inner HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) layer is compact, and can avoid micro short-circuits. The producibility of the composite membrane is guaranteed due to the simple and efficient electro-spinning process for manufacturing the PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)) layer and low-cost and eco-friendly HEC layer. This structure integrates the advantages of the HEC and PVDF, and it presents high uptake of liquid electrolyte (135.4%), excellent retention of liquid electrolyte, high ionic conductivity (0.88   mS   cm −1 at ambient temperature), low activation energy for lithium movement (0.016   eV), and high lithium ion transference number ( t +   =   0.57), all properties are superior to those of the pure HEC membrane and commercial polyolefin separator (Celgard 2730). With the PVDF/HEC/PVDF gel polymer electrolyte as the electrolyte and separator, the assembled Li//LiFePO 4 cell exhibits a notably high discharge capacity (140   mAh   g −1 ) over 140 cycles. The PVDF and HEC components are non-combustible, which is in sharp contrast with the combustible polymers for the commercial separators. These results show that this kind of sandwiched gel polymer electrolyte is promising for scale-up of lithium ion batteries especially those needing high safety and reliability.