Reversible photochromism and luminescent modulation in BaMgSiO4-based flexible films for wearable textiles

Photochromic flexible materials have demonstrated broad applications in wearable devices due to their conformability, fast photo-response, and long cycling lifetime. However, single-component organic or inorganic systems often face challenges in balancing flexibility with reversible cycling stability. Herein, BaMgSiO 4 :Eu 2 + (BMS:Eu) and BaMgSiO 4 :Eu 2+ /Fe 3+ (BMS:Eu/Fe)-based photochromic flexible films were fabricated by embedding inorganic powders into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) via electrospinning technique. Under 365 nm irradiation, the BMS:Eu/Fe system exhibits superior photochromic performance (Δ R = 37.78 %), whereas the BMS:Eu system shows higher photoluminescence modulation capability (Δ R i = 25.63 %). Both systems achieve their maximum optical response within 5 s and maintain stable performance over 10 cycles. This work realizes a dual-mode photochromic-photoluminescent response and visual regulation under 365 nm excitation, showing potential applications in wearable technology and smart clothing.